The objective of our article is to examine whether some countries with different HDI could meet their reduction commitment of the Kyoto Protocol and if it had any impact on their GDP growth. In addition to conducting a systematic literature review, statistical data analysis was also carried out to better identify a potential research gap. Countries with high HDI were only able to meet their reduction commitment in terms of total GHG per capita. However, the already low-HDI countries increased their overall GHG emissions while having low levels of consumption. The higher their GDP growth, the lower their CO2 levels. In the case of developing countries, it is less related to the changes in GPD.
XIII. ÉVFOLYAM 2025. SPECIAL ISSUES 2. 39-46
DOI: 10.24387/CI.SI.2025.2.7
A cikk megtekinthető: http://controllerinfo.hu/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/CI_különszám_2025_2_07.pdf
REFERENCES
ARRHENIUS, S. (1896): ‘On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air Upon the Temperature of the Ground.’ Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 41. 237-76.
CIA (2017): CIA World Factbook. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/cover-gallery/2017-cover/ on 28 April 2022
CLARK, W.C. – JÄGER, J. – EIJNDHOVEN, J. VAN & DICKSON, N. (Eds.) (2001): ‘Civil Science: America’s Encounter with Global Environmental Risks.’ in Social Learning Group. Learning to Manage Global Environmental Risks: A Comparative History of Responses to Climate Change. Ozone Depletion. and Acid Rain. MIT Press. Cambridge. MA. pp. 259-294.
FAWZY, S. – OSMAN, A.I. – DORAN, J. & ROONEY, D. W. (2020): Strategies for mitigation of climate change: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters 18. 2069–2094. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01059-w
HDR (2020): Human Development Report. Retrieved from https://hdr.undp.org/en/2020-report on 05 April 2024
KLEIN, D. R. – CARAZO, M. P. – DOELLE, M. – BULMER, J. & HIGHAM, A. (Eds.). (2017): The Paris Agreement on climate change: Analysis and commentary. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198789338.001.0001
NORDHAUS, W.D. (2018): Projections and uncertainties about climate change in an era of minimal climate policies. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. 10 (3). 333-360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20170046
PURVIS, B. – MAO, Y. & ROBINSON, D. (2019): Three pillars of sustainability: in search of conceptual origins. Sustainability Science 14. 681–695 (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0627-5
RAJAMANI, L. (2016): Ambition and differentiation in the 2015 Paris Agreement: Interpretative possibilities and underlying politics. International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 65(2). 493–514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589316000130
RAMANATHAN, V., J.E. ALLISON – M. AUFFHAMMER – D. AUSTON – A.D. BARNOSKY – L. CHIANG – W.D. COLLINS – S.J. DAVIS – F. FORMAN – S.B. HECHT – D.M. KAMMEN – C.-Y.C. LIN LAWELL – T. MATLOCK – D. PRESS – D. ROTMAN – S. SAMUELSEN – G. SOLOMON – D.G. VICTOR – B. WASHOM & J. CHRISTENSEN. (2016): Chapter 1. Bending the curve: Ten scalable solutions for carbon neutrality and climate stability. In V. Ramanathan (Ed.), Bending the Curve: Ten scalable solutions for carbon neutrality and climate stability. Collabra, 2 (1), Article 15, 1-17.
TAWFIK, G.M. – DILA, K.A.S. – MOHAMED. M.Y.F. – TAM, D. N. H. – KIE, N. D. – AHMEN. A. M. & HUY, N. T. (2019): A step by step guide for conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis with simulation data. Tropical Medicine and Health 47 (46). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-019-0165-6
WDI (2020): World Development Indicators. Retrieved from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators on 28 April 2023
WEART, S. R. (2008): The Discovery of Global Warming. Harvard University Press. Cambridge. MA. ISBN 9780674031890